When beginning to learn any of the romance languages, one of the most important (and most difficult) steps for English speakers is memorizing verb conjugations. I mean, think about it. While English verbs may occasionally be irregular, our conjugations are pretty simple. Take the verb see, for example:
present | past | future | |
I | see | saw | will see |
you | see | saw | will see |
he/she/it | sees | saw | will see |
we | see | saw | will see |
they | see | saw | will see |
You’ll notice that for all subjects, the verb conjugation remains the same. In Spanish (and other romance languages), this is just not the case. So, today we are going to focus on 10 of the most common Spanish verbs. If you can at least memorize these 10, you’ll have a great start for improving your conversation skills. I’ve also made a PDF of these conjugations for you to download, print, and study.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE PDF
So, how did I decide which verbs are the most common in Spanish? A quick search using the CORPES database run by the Real Academia Española (RAE). The verbs I will mention are organized beginning with the most frequently used one according to the number of cases of this verb in the CORPES corpus.
For the purpose of not overloading you with information, today we will focus on the simple present, past (imperfecto and pretérito), and the simple future. Of course, as with any language, I’ll have a few outliers such as haber, where I’ll focus on different tenses.
1. SER – TO BE
Presente | Imperfecto | Pretérito | Futuro | |
yo | soy | era | fui | seré |
tú | eres | eras | fuiste | serás |
él, ella, ud. | es | era | fue | será |
nosotros | somos | éramos | fuimos | seremos |
ell@s, uds. | son | eran | fueron | serán |
2. HABER – HAVE (AUX)/THERE IS/ARE
Presente | Imperfecto | Futuro | Condicional | |
yo | he | había | habré | habría |
tú | has | habías | habrás | habrías |
él, ella, ud. | Ha, impersonal: hay | había | habrá | habría |
nosotros | hemos | habíamos | habremos | habríamos |
ell@s, uds. | han | habían | habrán | habrían |
HABER is a special verb in Spanish as it is used in two very particular cases:
- To mean “there is/are”, “there was/were”, “there will be”, or “there would be”.
EX: Hay tres piezas en mi casa.
Había tres piezas en la casa.
Habrá tres piezas en la casa.
Habría tres piezas en la casa si agregáramos una.
- As an auxiliary verb + a past participle to form the Perfect Tense
EX: He trabajado mucho.
Había trabajado mucho.
Habré trabajado mucho después de terminar mi tarea.
Habría trabajado mucho si tuviera más tiempo.
For this reason, I’ve included different conjugations.
3. ESTAR – TO BE
Presente | Imperfecto | Pretérito | Futuro | |
yo | estoy | estaba | estuve | estaré |
tú | estás | estabas | estuviste | estarás |
él, ella, ud. | está | estaba | estuvo | estará |
nosotros | estamos | estábamos | estuvimos | estaremos |
ell@s, uds. | están | estaban | estuvieron | estarán |
4. IR – TO GO
Presente | Imperfecto | Pretérito | Futuro | |
yo | voy | iba | fui | iré |
tú | vas | ibas | fuiste | irás |
él, ella, ud. | va | iba | fue | irá |
nosotros | vamos | íbamos | fuimos | iremos |
ell@s, uds. | van | iban | fueron | irán |
5. TENER – TO HAVE
Presente | Imperfecto | Pretérito | Futuro | |
yo | tengo | tenía | tuve | tendré |
tú | tienes | tenías | tuviste | tendrás |
él, ella, ud. | tiene | tenía | tuvo | tendrá |
nosotros | tenemos | teníamos | tuvimos | tendremos |
ell@s, uds. | tienen | tenían | tuvieron | tendrán |
6. HACER – TO MAKE/DO
Presente | Imperfecto | Pretérito | Futuro | |
yo | hago | hacía | hice | haré |
tú | haces | hacías | hiciste | harás |
él, ella, ud. | hace | hacía | hizo | hará |
nosotros | hacemos | hacíamos | hicimos | haremos |
ell@s, uds. | hacen | hacían | hicieron | harán |
7. PODER – CAN/TO BE ABLE TO
Presente | Imperfecto | Pretérito | Futuro | |
yo | puedo | podía | pude | podré |
tú | puedes | podías | pudiste | podrás |
él, ella, ud. | puede | podía | pudo | podrá |
nosotros | podemos | podíamos | pudimos | podremos |
ell@s, uds. | pueden | podían | pudieron | podrán |
8. DECIR – TO SAY/TELL
Presente | Imperfecto | Pretérito | Futuro | |
yo | digo | decía | dije | diré |
tú | dices | decías | dijiste | dirás |
él, ella, ud. | dice | decía | dijo | dirá |
nosotros | decimos | decíamos | dijimos | diremos |
ell@s, uds. | dicen | decían | dijeron | dirán |
9. VER – TO SEE
Presente | Imperfecto | Pretérito | Futuro | |
yo | veo | veía | vi | veré |
tú | ves | veías | viste | verás |
él, ella, ud. | ve | veía | vio | verá |
nosotros | vemos | veíamos | vimos | veremos |
ell@s, uds. | ven | veían | vieron | verán |
10. DEBER – TO HAVE TO/MUST/SHOULD
Presente | Imperfecto | Conditional | |
yo | debo | debía | debería |
tú | debes | debías | deberías |
él, ella, ud. | debe | debía | debería |
nosotros | debemos | debíamos | deberíamos |
ell@s, uds. | deben | debían | deberían |
DEBER is also a bit of a special verb as far as which conjugations you should be familiar with. This is because it translates into English as “should” or “must”. So, the most common conjugations you will hear are listed above: the present, imperfect, and the conditional.
Check out my favorite books on Spanish verbs below. Click to see inside!
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Mary Jo Flood
Monday 31st of January 2022
I learned my Spanish in Spain. I would pronounce the d in between two vowels as a soft th as in "the" not the th in "think". I would replace the d sound with that very soft th sound, not completely remove the d.
Marianne
Monday 4th of March 2019
Hello, I clicked over from your post in the Amazon Affiliates forum. You had trouble getting the custom ad to show in the post. I see that you have resolved the issue. I have exactly the same problem. How did you solve it?
Leah Shoup
Friday 8th of March 2019
Hi Marianne! My issue was because I use the "Autoptimize" plug in. If you happen to be experiencing the problem for this same reason, you can find the code you need to add before and after the ad code by googling!
Shirley
Monday 31st of December 2018
Am going to Ecuador. Why don’t I need vosotros?
Leah Shoup
Thursday 17th of January 2019
Vosotros is only used in Spain! So you won't need it anywhere else
Philip
Friday 10th of August 2018
Yes, I completely agree that learning without vosotros is easier and unless I end up going to Spain (and then I can add cosotros to my vocabulary) it is completely unnessessary.
Jessica J Jackson-Huertas
Friday 10th of August 2018
I love your website, except that you don't have vosotros. Vosotros is essential, especially for beginners, it gets them accustomed to it. I am a Spanish teacher, and I wanted to tell my students to use this website, because I like that you are studying and traveling at the same time. An adventurer. But not if you are excluding vosotros.
Leah Shoup
Friday 10th of August 2018
Hi Jessica! Thanks for checking out my website. This list is for Spanish beginners, and I find vosotros to be non-essential for them. In fact, I was never taught vosotros in school and have had no issues picking up on it after traveling to Spain. Most of my readers are from the United States and are much more likely to travel to Central and South America, so it would be confusing to tell them to learn vosotros when it's completely unnecessary for these areas of the world. If someone decides to travel to Spain, they should learn it, but I'm keeping my readers' regions in mind. That's why I don't include it, I'd rather not complicate it for beginners.